Review of Related Disease (RRD) 4 Practice Exam

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• Post-strep autoantibodies may attack which tissues?
• Goodpasture's syndrome?
• What is artificial passive immunity, and how is it usually delivered?
• Which statement is true about O-?
• PCP, causing Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia, is best described as which of the following?
• Which blood types can B- receive from?
• When can fetal blood enter the mother's system, and what happens in a subsequent Rh-positive pregnancy?
• After breastfeeding stops, what usually happens to maternal antibodies, and what does the baby usually have by that time?
• What is multiple sclerosis?
• If ELISA is negative, what is typically done? If ELISA is positive, what test confirms HIV infection and why?
• Which cells are primarily responsible for humoral immunity, and what do they produce?
• Leukotriene blockers are used to treat bronchoconstriction due to leukotrienes.
• SIV stands for what, and which body fluids can transmit HIV, including whether tainted blood transfusions are common now?
• Upon entering the bloodstream, what does HIV use to bind CD4 cells, what does it insert, and which enzyme converts RNA into DNA?
• Which statement about autoimmune disease genetics is TRUE?
• What best describes opportunistic diseases?
• Which organ systems may be attacked by post-strep autoantibodies beyond the heart?
• What do B-lymphocytes differentiate into, and what is the role of memory B-cells?
• Myasthenia gravis?
• Which blood type has Rh antigen and anti-A and anti-B antibodies?
• What is lupus' nickname related to its varied presentations?
• Which of the following best describes type 1 diabetes?
• What are pathogens?
• For A- blood type, which statement is correct about antigens, antibodies, and transfusion possibilities?
• How are active and passive acquired immunity summarized?
• How are autoimmune diseases categorized in this content?
• How does heat affect vasculature in inflammation?
• In blood type B, which antigen is present on RBCs and which antibody is present in plasma that would react with type A blood?
• What statement about immunodeficiency and opportunistic disease is true?
• Which statement about O+ is true?
• What happens after first exposure to an allergen in a typical individual?
• Where does new HIV RNA go to participate in protein synthesis, and what happens at that location?
• CD8 cells are best described as:
• What antigens are present in AB- blood?
• Ideal antiinflammatory effect would be to suppress which prostaglandins?
• What happens on repeated allergen exposure?
• What does standing down mean in autoimmune hypersensitivity context?
• A systemic allergic reaction is called
• Which of the following best describes a common side effect profile of steroid use?
• The third line of defense is stimulated by the second line when needed. If a microbe is present, lymphocytes are needed. Which statement is accurate?
• Which statement best summarizes AIDS signs and symptoms, prevention education, and the scope of HIV infection?
• Which statement is correct regarding the two general types of antiinflammatory medications and the meaning of NSAID?
• HIV drugs are targeted at which of the following?
• Alloimmune hypersensitivity involves an immune reaction against whose cells?
• Which statement about celiac disease is true?
• What happens when immune complexes deposit in blood vessels?
• Thrush is which of the following conditions?
• Which statement correctly defines congenital immunodeficiency?
• Which antigen and antibody are present in B- blood?
• What is the arachidonic pathway, where does it occur, what does it begin with, what does it end with, and what do phospholipases do?
• Systemic autoimmune diseases differ from tissue-specific diseases in that:
• What is erythroblastosis fetalis and how is it prevented?
• AB- can donate to which recipients?
• What characterizes the secondary immune response?
• Localized allergic reactions include
• Which statement best describes protected ice in non-medicinal interventions for inflammation?
• Allergic hypersensitivity is also called
• Graft-versus-host disease most commonly occurs after which procedure?
• How is artificial passive immunity commonly given, and why might it be given?
• What are the mechanism subcategories of immunodeficiency, and what do congenital and acquired immunodeficiencies mean?
• In autoimmune disease, a cell-mediated response is driven by which cells?
• The major players in acquired immunity include which group?
• Which statement correctly describes when AIDS is diagnosed and the role of CD4 count?
• What is rheumatic heart disease?
• What does the MMR vaccine stimulate, what happens once a person is immunized, why are boosters given, and what are MMR and tetanus booster schedules?
• Which blood types can receive from O-?
• How often are tetanus boosters needed?
• Which statement lists the protective functions typically supported by protective prostaglandins?
• Who is at high risk for HIV infection, and what does unprotected sex mean in this context?
• Cell-mediated immunodeficiency is characterized by deficiency of which immune cells, and what is a congenital example and cause?
• How can post-strep sequelae usually be prevented?
• What is SCID and what does it lead to?
• What is the best example of natural passive immunity?
• Which four hypersensitivity types are sometimes listed?
• What do autoantibodies do to heart valves?
• In rheumatic heart disease, which sequence occurs after strep throat?
• Which blood types can donate to B-?
• Non-medicinal interventions for inflammation include which practice?
• Which blood types can AB- receive from?
• Serous fluid is best described as which of the following?
• In meningitis, if local inflammation cannot control the infection, what happens?
• What percentage of patients with SLE have a positive ANA?
• Serositis in lupus refers to inflammation of which structures?
• Alloimmune responses are hypersensitivities to whose antigens?
• Rheumatoid factor tests for immune complexes composed of antibody and which substance?
• During a transfusion reaction involving attacked donor red blood cells, what is the primary consequence and possible systemic effects?
• In lupus, some circulating antibodies become autoantibodies when they encounter the person's own nucleic acids. They attach to DNA forming what, which can deposit in tiny blood vessels?
• In the meningitis example, what are plasma cells doing during the primary response, what happens in the future, what is acquired immunity, and what is the secondary response?
• What is neutralization, and how do antibodies neutralize toxins and viruses? What is opsonization, and how does it help phagocytes?
• When do symptoms appear after sensitization?
• HLAs are present on most cell membranes. They are not expressed on which cell type?
• What is active acquired immunity, how can it happen, and what are natural and artificial active acquired immunity?
• In a genetically predisposed allergic person, what happens after initial exposure to an allergen?
• CD4 destruction in HIV infection leads to which outcome?
• Why does the MMR vaccine usually not cause signs and symptoms of measles, mumps, or rubella?
• The term synovial refers to the lining of what structure?
• Systemic lupus erythematosus is most commonly seen in which group?
• Lupus can cause proteinuria, seizures, and fatigue, and what is serous fluid?
• How can hypersensitivities be subcategorized, and what are allergic, autoimmune, and alloimmune responses?
• Autoimmune hypersensitivity occurs when the immune system attacks the body's own antigens.
• In the meningitis example, what type of cell is the CD4 cell, what does it accept and display, what decision does it make, and why is the B-cell system used?
• Lupus can affect which organs, and why is it called a great imitator?
• IgE normally defends against
• Which blood type can receive from all ABO types and both Rh statuses?
• What are prostaglandins, where are they created, and what are their two general categories?
• Which type has anti-A and anti-B antibodies but no A or B antigens?
• In the meningitis example, what does the B-cell do after receiving the antigen remnant, what happens during the primary response, and what memory begins developing?
• How long can HIV remain dormant in a host cell before reactivation?
• Humoral immunodeficiency is best described as a deficiency of which immune component, and what is a common congenital example?
• What is the main purpose of antiinflammatory medications?
• What acquired conditions can cause combined B-cell and T-cell immunodeficiency, and why do irradiation and cytotoxic drugs cause this?
• How is natural active immunity achieved?
• Which blood type has A, B, and Rh antigens present?
• What is the most common naturally occurring steroid?
• How are autoimmune diseases often categorized?
• When HIV wakes up from dormancy, what process occurs with its DNA?
• What is TIG, what is it made of, when is it given, and why is it given 'just in case'?
• Which statement about NSAIDs is true?
• Which description correctly characterizes HIV as a virus category?
• The primary response in acquired immunity refers to:
• The initial HIV test, ELISA, has which true characteristics?
• What is an antibody titer test, what is passive acquired immunity, and what are its natural and artificial forms?
• Which description correctly contrasts natural and artificial passive acquired immunity?
• Vasculitis refers to inflammation of which structure?
• What do vaccination, immunization, and inoculation mean, what happens with the MMR vaccine, what does it contain, and why does it not usually cause symptoms?
• Where do steroids work in the arachidonic pathway, and why are they considered the strongest antiinflammatories?
• What do immunodeficient diseases have in common?
• Which statement about antigens and antibodies is correct?
• Which statement best describes SCID?
• Autoimmune hemolytic anemia is characterized by which mechanism?
• Where does new HIV DNA go after it is formed in the host cell, and which enzyme inserts the viral DNA into host DNA?
• What happens if immunocytes already have memory, and how is acquired immunity categorized?
• What kind of immunity does TIG provide, is it permanent, what happens if tetanus bacteria are present, and what is the advantage and disadvantage of passive immunity?
• Immune complexes are molecules composed of which components?
• What happens to the CD4 cell as the new virus buds from the infected cell?
• T-lymphocytes are described as which in their role?
• Which statement best describes osteoarthritis relative to rheumatoid arthritis?
• Graves disease?
• Which test is most specific for lupus?
• What is the classic skin rash in lupus and why is it notable?
• Which statements correctly describe cell-mediated and humoral immunity?
• In acquired immunity, responses to self-antigens are:
• Most antiinflammatory medications are given to reduce inflammation, pain, and swelling. What is their main mechanism and why can side effects occur?
• The third line of defense is characterized by involvement of which components?
• Which blood type has A and B antigens and no anti-A or anti-B antibodies?
• Which mechanism-cause combination is typical for acquired immunodeficiency?
• How does a new HIV particle exit the infected cell?
• For AB+ blood, which blood type can it donate to?
• Where did AIDS originate and how did it begin according to the described history?
• What primarily causes hypotension during anaphylaxis?
• In rheumatoid arthritis, inflammation most commonly occurs in which tissue?
• CMV retinitis occurs when cytomegalovirus invades which organ?
• How does Rh factor differ from ABO antigens, what happens the first and second time an Rh-negative person receives Rh-positive blood, and do maternal and fetal blood normally mix?
• Histocompatibility testing is important because it helps predict what?
• What does type O positive blood indicate?
• Asthma can be considered an allergic hypersensitivity because leukotrienes cause bronchoconstriction.
• In acquired immunity, what does “specific” mean?
• Which statement best describes natural active immunity?
• What happens in hypersensitivity?
• For B+ blood type, which statement is correct about its antigens, antibodies, and transfusion options?
• Which option best matches the normal CD4 count, thrush, PCP, CMV retinitis, and Kaposi's sarcoma?
• Which statement accurately describes immunodeficiency and infection risk?
• Which enzyme is responsible for the modification of viral proteins after translation?
• AIDS is an acquired immunodeficiency; what does AIDS stand for, what causes AIDS, and which cells does HIV primarily attack?
• In host-versus-graft rejection, who attacks whom?
• Natural passive immunity lasts for about how long?
• In the meningitis example, what does the macrophage identify, secrete, call in, and display?
• What does the acronym HLA stand for?
• What are the two functional categories of prostaglandins?
• Which routes are possible for a substance to enter the body during first exposure?
• An HIV-positive individual who is not yet diagnosed with AIDS is best described as having what characteristic?
• Natural passive immunity lasts about how long?
• For A+ blood, which statement is true about antigens, antibodies, and transfusion compatibility?
• What happens to heart valves when autoantibodies attack them?
• Which statement best defines an immunodeficiency?
• How can antibodies transfer from mother to baby, what happens through the placenta, when do placental maternal antibodies disintegrate, and how does breast milk provide passive immunity?